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Morphologically conditioned phonology is the phenomenon in which a particular phonological pattern is imposed on a proper subset of morphological constructions (affixation, reduplication, compounding) and thus is not fully general in the word‑internal phonological patterning of the language. This chapter focuses on the types of morphological information that can condition phonological patterns and the types of phonological patterns that can be conditioned by morphology. The chapter addresses conditioning by lexical classes, part of speech, and individual morphological constructions. Also covered are several of the most influential theories of morphologically conditioned phonology, which aim to capture language‑specific as well as cross‑linguistic generalizations about the phenomenon. The range of variation that a given language can exhibit in its phonological patterns is discussed.

Most of the allomorphs we have been dealing with have been additive, thar is we have bee forming words by adding prefixes and suffixes to bases, now we must look at an allomorph of different kind, the replacive, which can be illustrated by going back to the past tense. we noted that this morpheme has three allomorphs ut if this all how do we account for forms like sang? it would appear to contain an allomorph of past tense since it is a parallel formation with regular past tense forms: yesteyday we parted yesterday we laughed yesterday we played yesterday we sang 

Proceses of word formation a.    Compounding compounds or compound words. In Linguistics, compounds can be either native or borrowed. Native English roots are typically free morphemes, so that means native compounds are made out of independent words that can occur by themselves.  Examples:  mailman (composed of free root mail and free root man ) mail carrier dog house fireplace fireplug (a regional word for 'fire hydrant') fire hydrant dry run cupcake cup holder email Note that compounds are written in various ways in English: with a space between the elements; with a hyphen between the elements; or simply with the two roots run together with no separation. The way the word is written does not affect its status as a compound. Over time, the convention for writing compounds can change, usually in the direction from separate words (e.g. email used to be written with a hyphen. In the 19th century, today and tomorr...

Phonesthemes Definition A phonestheme is a particular sound or sound sequence that (at least in a general way) suggests a certain meaning . Adjective: phonesthemic . For example, in words like glimmer, glitter, and glisten , the initial gl- phonestheme is associated with vision or light. (Words related in this fashion are called  phonestheme groups or  phonestheme clusters .) Phonesthemes can appear anywhere in a word—in an initial, medial, or final position. Example of phonesthemes in words such as bump, chump, dump, hump, lump, mump, stump and thump , the phonestheme ump is associated with heaviness and clumsiness.

Immediate constituents  * Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC analysis) was introduced by Leonard Bloomfield (1933)    * The concept of immediate constituents (IC's) is important both in morphology and syntax.  The method of IC s is based on the fact that a word is characterized by morphological divisibility. The main opposition dealt with is the opposition of stem and affix.  Example of immediate constituents                     1. un- / gentlemanly                     2. un- / gentleman / - ly                     3. un- / gentle / - man / - ly               ...